The difference between hitler and mussolini europes. How is italian fascism different from german fascism in. Based on an examination of the role of the police in the ascendancy of the fascist, nazi and falangist political movements, the structures of the police systems subsequently created, the type of police personnel operating under these regimes, and. The cultivation of mussolinis image in weimar and nazi.
Fascism originated in italy in 1919 led by benito mussolini while nazism sprung in german in 1920. Yet since movements that resembled or imitated them occurred in many countries between the wars, including france, spain, much of eastern europe and even britain and ireland, a key question is why such movements came to power only in italy and germany. Comparisons and contrasts edited by richard bessel index more information. Fascism and national socialism have been compared in numerous ways.
A fresh treatment of fascist italy and nazi germany, revealing the close ties between mussolini and hitler and their regimes from 1934 until 1944 mussolini met hitler numerous times, and the two developed a relationship that deeply affected both countries. Poland suggested to france that the two nations engage in a preventive war against germany in march 1933. This is a basic compare and contrast look at fascism of italy and nazism of. The greater threat to all of humanity was nazi germany, ironically it was the soviet union that liberated eastern europe and was the main force that defeated nazi germany, and as a result saved europe and the world from the nazism. Use your chart to help you explain the differences in political, social, economic, and cultural policies. Google scholar macgregor knox, to the threshold of power, 192233. Cambridge university press 0521477115 fascist italy and nazi germany. The trade unions initially saw the provision of leisure facilities for workers as a way. Richard bessel says that the key contrast between fascist and nazi regimes is the latters fixation upon race and its determination to put racialist ideology into practice.
This collaborative volume explores the parallels and contrasts between the two regimes. Comparisons and contrasts 1996, paperback at the best online prices at. Compare and contrast nazi and italian fascist views on. Theoretically, democracy is a stable form of government where power is in the hands of the people. The origins and nature of fascism and nazism in europe. Remember that some things overlap and can be used as evidence for multiple. One of the first scholars to publish a comparative study of nazi germany and stalins soviet union was hannah arendt. Comparisons and contrasts by edited by richard bessel, richard bessel isbn.
Fascist italy and nazi germany provides a succinct and provocative introduction to italian fascism and german nazism. This article brings together the results of a preliminary comparative analysis of the policing of fascist italy, nazi germany and francos spain. This essay will contrast nazi and italian fascists views in terms of race and national identity by discussing the jewish question, the nation and the volk. Pdf fascist italy and nazi germany download full pdf book. It also emphasized hierarchy, antidemocracy, antiliberalism, anticommunist and anti. Based on the conference fascism in comparative perspective, organised in march 1993, held at st. Italy after world war 1 although italy fought with the allies in ww1, they were not satisfied with the territories they received after the conference of paris. Compare and contrast mussolini and hitler 1462 words. Nielsen book data summary can fascist italy and nazi germany be compared.
Comparing the cultural history of fascist italy and nazi. One can compare and contrast these unification processes because they had many similarities and differences. Compare and contrast conservative authoritarianism in fascist. Compare and contrast is one of the best learning methods, and should be. Some nazi comparisons are termed reductio ad hitlerum, first coined in 1951 by leo strauss. Willson the value of marriage for the volksgemeinschaft. Origins and dynamics of the fascist and national socialist dictatorships cambridge. Fascist italy and nazi germany provides a succinct an.
In order to properly assess these situations one needs to look at the. In her 1951 work, the origins of totalitarianism, arendt puts forward the idea of totalitarianism as a distinct type of political movement and form of government, which differs essentially from other forms of political oppression known. Also, all economic activities were under state control and people must strictly obey the parties rule that strikes were not allowed. Nationalist rhetoric, hostility to the left and to parliamentary government, and the glorification of violence seemed to invite comparison.
Violence against jews in provincial germany 19191939, intro, chs 3conclusion recommended. Pdf fascist italy and nazi germany download full pdf. However, the creator of godwins law has said that not all nazi comparisons are invalid. This approach is of limited use when looking at the culture. This has mainly focused on nazi germany and nazi occupied territories. As such, both pursue collectivism ownership of the land and the means of production by the state as a part of an economy led by the state, the establishment of a dictatorship led by a leader who literally has all power and glorify violence, imperialism, and militarism. Some preliminary comparisons of fascist italy, nazi germany and francos spain jonathan dunnage 1 over the last two decades, there has been a growing historiographical interest in the policing of rightwing dictatorships.
Its not something we italians are really proud of for good reasons, but we invented fascism. Compare and contrast the domestic policies of hitler and mussolini 1495 words 6 pages. The contributors richard bessel ian kershaw william carr. A comparison between adolf hitler and benito mussolini. His other publications include political violence and the rise of nazism, germany after the first world war, and ed. The foreign policies of hitler and mussolini history today. Similarities and differences between germany nazism and italy fascism introduction fascism defined, implies an organization or acceptable rule of administration characterized by a government system led by a dictator who exercises harsh and strict control over the citizens, and the commons are mandated to comply with the government rule without.
Both were influenced by the rise of nationalism, fear from communism, crisis of the capitalist economic system and dissatisfaction with the outcome of world war i. Besides racism, both groups had a difference of opinion about nature of the state, tradition and modernity and the objectives of foreign policy. Cambridge university press 9780521471299 fascist italy. Cambridge university press 0521477115 fascist italy and. Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the library of congress catalog. Comparisons and contrasts edited by richard bessel frontmatter. However, the creator of godwins law has said that not all nazi comparisons are invalid nazism has come to be a metaphor for evil, according to academic brian johnson, leading to nazi comparisons.
Fascism in germany and italy contrast and comparisons. Nationalist forces in the spanish civil war, prompting the signing of a treaty of cooperation in foreign policy between italy and nazi germany in 1937. Difference between fascism and nazism difference between. Compares the formation and development of the political movements in fascist italy and nazi germany, describing their leadership, cultural policies, and relationship with each.
Differences between fascist italy and nazi germany. Furthermore, both fascist italy and nazi germany emphasized. This enabled some jews like mussolinis mistress margherita sarfatti to eventually become fascists themselves. Restorative elites, german society and the nazi pursuit of war michael geyer9.
Comparisons and contrasts edited by richard bessel frontmatter more information. This essay intends to argue that there are some identifiable similarities between nazi and italian fascist views towards national identity. The nazi leader was particularly fascinated with mussolinis march on rome a 1922 protest where thousands. The two ideologies are closely related and began around the same time. Nazi germany fascist italy essay 1530 words bartleby. Italy, germany and fascism richard bessel the crisis of bourgeois society and the origins of fascism adrian lyttelton the crisis of bourgeois society in interwar germany bernd weisbrod italian workers and italian fascism tobias abse whatever was the attitude of german workers. It aimed at transferring control of the means of production to corporate unions called syndicates. Stay connected to your students with prezi video, now in microsoft teams. A 2018 the atlantic article noted that hitler gained immortality as a.
The foreign policies of hitler and mussolini russell tarr sees similarities but also important contrasts in the foreign policies of nazi germany and fascist italy russel tarr. Difference between fascism and nazism world history online. Fascist italy objected to german claims in the balkans and on austria, which benito mussolini considered to be in italy s sphere of influence. Both of these individuals projected a great deal of professional respect for one another, and their collaboration made for arguably one of the most violent imbalances in international power that our history has ever recorded. Fascism and nazism, although poles apart in their intellectual content, are similar in this, that both have emotional appeal to the type of personality that takes pleasure in. There are many similarities between fascism and national socialism. Introduction both italy and germany became unified in the mid to late 1800s after years of unrest that started with the 1815 congress of vienna, where both of these countries were split up into many states. Indeed, the importance of nationalism within fascist culture would greatly affect the foreign policies of italy, germany, and japan during the 1930s and 1940s. Despite the subtitle, there is little in the way of direct comparison between them, with the contrasts mostly left implicit. Certain trends in the development of technological systems, and systems of physical culture, are outlined. The axis powers at first was made up germany, ussr, japan, and italy. Although political systems of fascist italy and nazi germany differ from each other in many areas, but they still share some common experiences. Fascism comes from fascio, fasces in latin, a bundle of rods that in ancient rome was the symbol of the authority of a civil magistrate with the metaf.
In april 1925, italian dictator benito mussolini agreed to the fascist unions demands to set up the ond, with mario giani, a former director of italian westinghouse, at its head. Comparing the cultural history of fascist italy and nazi germany. The union between nazi germany and fascist italy became a marriage of convenience and expedience rather than a firm alliance of sister states. Nazism has come to be a metaphor for evil, according to academic brian johnson, leading to nazi comparisons. This paper compares and contrasts the italian fascist and german nazi ideologies, institutions, and practices. Similarities and differences between germany nazism and italy. Nazi german and fascist italy had different attitude towards race. Wall hanging, romeberlin, 19369, deutsches historisches museum. Comparisons and contrasts cambridge, 1996, the papers of a conference in honor oftim mason, is the latest exami nation of the complicated but essential conceptual unity of the two regimes. In his early years at the helm of the nsdap, hitler was a great admirer of mussolini. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Its ten essays examine the rise of the fascist and nazi movements. Aaron gillette, racial theories in fascist italy, chs 34 michael wildt, hitlers volksgemeinschaft and the dynamics of racial exclusion. Lyttelton talks of the autonomy and centrality of nazi antsemitism, for which we can find no equivalent in italian.
The nazi party and fascist party had absolute control over all aspects of life in germany and italy at that time respectively. In contrast, il duce served only as the head of the italian. The nazism and the italian fascism had a common aim of national rebirth or regeneration. Professor radcliff winter 2017 hss 5072 5348919 comparative. During world war ii germany was part of the axis powers. Compare and contrast totalitarianism in fascist italy, nazi germany and in the stalinist soviet union. Fascist italy and nazi germany two authoritarian regimes that fundamentally shaped the first half of the 20th century were the fascist government of benito mussolini and the nazi government of adolf hitler. Friedrich engels, 1895 preface to karl marx, class struggles in france 184850. Table of contents for fascist italy and nazi germany. Get an answer for compare and contrast conservative authoritarianism in fascist italy with totilatarianism in the soviet union and nazi germany. Throughout the war germany betrayed the ussr and broke the nazi soviet pact.
Both were influenced by the rise of nationalism, fear from communism, crisis of the capitalist economic system and dissatisfaction with the outcome of. Compare and contrast nazi and italian fascist views on race. What are the main differences between spanish, italian. At the workshop in cambridge, it became clear that most comparative studies of fascist italy and nazi germany concentrate on the political and social spheres, in part because they are driven by efforts to define generic fascism in political thought. Pdf cambridge perspectives in history hitler and nazi. Conclusionfinally, some comparisons and contrasts are attempted, and in a postcript, the thesis is extended to the present day. Fascist italy and nazi germany the fascist style of rule, alexander j. Be sure you understand what life was like in each state. Rethinking the relationship between italy and germany, ca. Differences and similarities between fascism and nazism. Life in the third reich richard bessel is professor of twentiethcentury history at the university of york. The main difference between fascism and nazism was the socalled concept of race that was central in the nazi ideology, while the fascists mostly rejected it.
Nazi and italian fascism were trying to instil a sense of unity in nazi germany and fascist italy by suggesting that the members of the nation were working in order to secure national goals and bring about a rebirth of national identity. France, poland, italy, and the soviet union each had reasons to object to hitlers rise to power. Compare and contrast conservative authoritarianism in. Incorporating recent historical research together with original and challenging arguments, alexander j. Spanish fascism, as embodied in the falange, was syndicalist. Fascism and nazism, the two extreme rightwing political ideologies that emerged during the world wars in italy and germany, respectively, had a lot in common. Classic fascism and the new radical right in western. Classic fascism and the new radical right in western europe. As a result, fascistlike regimes tended not to have any problems with jews either and if they did, it was just like italy due to their ties with nazigermany. Hitlers nazi germany and mussolinis fascist italy represented twothirds of the axis powers during world war ii.